Apply 12 kg of compost or FYM and 120 g of rock phosphate in each pit before planting. Diseases Root rot:Soil drenching with Copper oxychloride 2.5 g/lit or Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole @ 0.75 g/litre or Difenoconazole @ 0.5ml/l Leaf spot: Foliar application of Mancozeb @ 2.5g/l or Azoxystrobin @ 1g/l Chrysanthemum mosaic disease 1. Coconut 212 vii. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Seedling Nursery: Diseases of Fruit, Plantation, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops-: Course content creator :-Dr. V. B. Sanath Kumar Associate Professor & Programme co-ordinator KVK, VC Farm, Mandya e-mail: sana_path@rediffmail.com It is leading to the cessation of latex production, showed differences in latex biochemical characteristics, attacks the tree vascular tissues. Diseases; Parasitic and non-parasitic maladies; Bee Keeping in rubber plantations; Diseases. Avoid accumulation of rubber at the base of the trees. In this context, the TNAU under the dynamic leadership of the Vice Chancellor, Director of Research and other technical directors, the ... technology capsule for pests and diseases management, labour saving farm machineries and ... Rubber 207 vi. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Add 10 kg commercial Magnesium sulphate for every 100 kg of the above mixture if there is magnesium deficiency.             Bud wood nursery – 60 x 90 cm or 60 x 120 cm. RUBBER Arecanut 223 viii. Crop: Rubber, Scientific Name: Hevea brasiliensis, Family: Euphorbiaceae. Drench the soil at the base of affected plants with Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/litre. Sulphur dust can be mixed with talc in the proportion of 7:3. Drench soil at the base of plants in the affected area with the solution of Chlorpyriphos 20 EC 2 ml/litre. Ethrel is recommended to increase latex yield of trees. Two rounds of spray using about 17 to 22 lit of fungicide oil mixture per ha per round (1:6 proportion) at 10 to 15 days interval (or) a single round of spray with about 30 - 37 lit of fungicide oil mixture per ha (1:5 proportion). These trees widely found in the Amazon and bring profit to many indigenous tribes. Lecture 1.Diseases of Citrus. Lecture 3.Diseases of Banana. The trees can be tapped for their latex sap once they have reach six years of age. The major symptoms of the disease in leaves are wilting and drooping and flaccidity; ribbing, paling/yellowing and necrosis of leaflets are typical symptoms of foliar diseases. Lecture 7.Diseases of Apple . Symptoms often appear on one section of the plant. Abnormal leaf fall Dr. Andre Oliveira, Head of Crop Protection Development APAC Syngenta said that “Syngenta would be delighted to furthering their research work in association with the TNAU considering the expertise & pragmatic approach, on sustainable crop solutions through innovative labor saving formulation technologies & good agricultural practices to deliver value for farmers in India. Healthy ones are retained and For immature rubber trees at pre-tapping stage Oil Palm 225 ix. Causative agent: Phytophthora meadii McRae. Mealy bug stripes appear in plants because of their Syndrome characterized by prolonged dripping of latex with the gradual decline in volume yield, pre coagulation of latex and partial or complete drying of tapping area (10-25 per cent). Wettable sulphur (1 kg in 4000 lit of water) is also effective in nurseries and for young plants as a spray. The control measures suggested for abnormal leaf fall will check this disease also. Palmyrah 228 OF Affected bark and wood show black lines. Matured rubber trees under tapping A manual on the most important pests and diseases of the major food crops grown by smallholder farmers in Africa. Freshly planted rubber trees remain healthy until their roots come into contact with pieces of diseased root. Brown root disease It is the major root disease of rubber in India. Leaf spot the diseases. 1. Infected plants first develop a dull green color, eventually wilt and turn straw-color. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Symptoms: Termites feeds on the dead bark of trees and young plants and build covered passageways of soil on the tapping panel and collection cup. Mean percent disease incidence of coconut from 2008 –2013 S. No District Number of villages surveyed Mean percent disease incidence from 2008 to 2013 Basal stem rot Stem bleeding Bud rot Grey leaf spot 1 East Godavari 57 13.82 3.49 1.93 Traces 2 West Godavari 15 11.42 4.94 2.12 Traces and also raw materials for … Apply 10:10:4:1.5 NPK andMg as per schedule given below: Apply 400 kg of mixture/ha in 2 doses, once in April/May and another in September/October from the 5th year till the tree is ready for tapping. Clean up affected areas, by washing with Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Avoid accumulation of rubber at the base of the trees. Prune off and burn the dried up branches after disinfecting by Bordeaux spraying. When severe infestation is noticed, spray Organophosphorus insecticides like malathion 50 EC 2 ml/lit. Abnormal leaf fall. At the start, it grows and surrounded by yellow discolorations. COURSE OUTLINE: Disease of Horticultural Crops & Their Management.             Stump budding – 60 x 60 cm Disease management Vascular wilt (F.oxysporum f.sp. Diseases & Pests of the Rubber Tree Southern Blight. When it affects the rubber tree, you can see small oozing spots appearing around the leaves. It occurs in most of the rubber growing countries. The fungus survives in nurseries, self-sown seedlings, and in immature leaves of the shaded canopy. Manuring Working out cost of cultivation and economics. Spray fish oil rosin-soap 25 g/lit. There are two types of rubber, natural rubber from rubber trees and synthetic rubber made by using petrochemicals. Spray Sulphur 50 WP at 2 g/lit or spray Dicofol 18.5 EC 2.5 ml/lit. Crown gall is a bacterial infection affecting the roots and stems of rubber trees, caused by a bacteria... Xanthomonas Leaf Spot. Termite (White ant) concentration with a brush below the tapping cut to a width of 5 cm after light scraping of the outer bark. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The progress of the disease was faster during July to November. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Ethrel treatment Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture or 0.2% Mancozeb, or 0.1% Carbendazim at fortnightly intervals. Dry rot, Stump rot, Collar rot or Charcoal rot When it dries up apply a wound dressing compound. Scrape out the fructifications. Wash the wound again with fungicide solution. Reduce tapping intensity or give a tapping rest for 3 to 12 months. June – July is optimum for cultivation. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Lecture 8. Terms like IPM (Integrated Pest Management and IDM (Integrated Disease Management) have different meanings. Search for: diseases of wheat tnau. Repeated sprayings with Bordeaux mixture 1% or Mancozeb or Copper oxychloride 0.2%. Brown root disease Euphorbiaceae, Varieties Season Their greatest impact is associated with the disease mealy bug wilt of pineapple (MW) (Rohrbach et al., 1988). We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. months and rested for the next 4 months. Cockchafer grub Xanthomonas leaf spot is caused due to a bacteria named Xanthomonascampestris. Cuttings should be obtained from virus – free indexed stocks.             Budded stumps – 30 x 30 cm Mundakkayam: Production of natural rubber in Kerala, India’s largest rubber producer, declined sharply due to the abnormal leaf fall disease. It is one of the highly common diseases seen in rubber trees. Lecture 5.Diseases of Pomegranate and Papaya. Wash the wound again with fungicide solution. IARI Toppers Provides Agriculture Notes,ICAR E Course Notes,JRF Notes,IBPS AFO,E krishi Shiksha,TNAU Notes,ANGRAU Notes,Agriculture Jobs Update,JRF Mock Test,JRF Old Exam Paper for agronomy horticulture,plant science,agriculture statistics,soil science,social science,icar ecourse pdf download,best agriculture books etc Powdery mildew Frequent tree to tree inspection should be done during July – September period for detecting the infected trees and application of Bordeaux paste in the early stages upto 30 cm above and below the affected region. 2) Horticulture - Deals with the production of fruits, vegetables, flowers, ornamental plants, spices, condiments and beverages. Diseases heart-disease, LDL oxidation, immune-system, diabetes, cancer Fiber most fresh fruits and vegetables, nuts, cooked dry beans and peas diabetes, heart disease Folate ... of other industries e.g. Aftercultivation It is observed during the monsoon period. In man's continued effort to enhance food production, new high yielding crop varieties and new techniques for crop and field management are being constantly evolved resulting in a parallel increase in disease occurrence which calls for their efficient management. It is applied at 5% a.i. Crop Pests and Diseases. Scrape out the fructifications. Pink disease is the most serious stem disease of affecting mainly the young rubber trees. Tjir 1, PB 86, BD 5, BD 10, PR 17, GT 1, RRII 105, RRIM 600, PB 28/59, PB 217, PB 235, RRIM 703, RRII 5, PCK-1, 2 and PB 260. Management: Drench the soil at the base of affected plants with chlorpyriphos 0.1% solution. December 13, 2020 Uncategorized Uncategorized Rubber yield steeply increases year by year, reaching a peak after 14 years of planting. Mites Brown root disease Open up the root system. the others removed. It requires deep and lateritic fertile soil with an acidic pH of 4.5 to 6.0 and highly deficient in available phosphorous. The first application may be done after a drought period preferably after a few pre-monsoon showers and subsequent applications may be done in September and November. When it dries up apply a wound dressing compound. Pink disease Plant protection In advanced cases apply Bordeaux paste and when it dries up scrape off the superficial mycelium and damaged bark and apply Bordeaux paste once again. Symptoms. raw material for fruit and vegetable-processing plants, hence becomes a solution to Uses of the Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis) Natural rubber is used in the production of tires. Clean up affected areas, by washing with Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. The increase in growth cracks on the trunk, severe summer followed by sudden wetting, imbalanced nutrition, excessive salinity, etc. GROUP : E. 1.5 – 2 months after planting –10:10:4:1.5 NPKMg mixture -2500 kg/ha. Completely killed and dried roots may be traced and pruned. rubber, oil, gum, dyes, chemicals etc. Growing of cover crops, incorporation of cover crops and weeding are important operations. Lecture 2.Diseases of Mango. total area under vanilla cultivation in the world during 2008 was 82,098 ha (FAO, 2009). Planting: Pit size of 1 m3 are dug and filled up with top soil and compost. Causative agent: Oidium heveae Powdery mildew is the most widespread cause of the diseased condition of rubber known as secondary leaf fall (SLF). Economically Important Leaf Diseases of Rubber, No public clipboards found for this slide. Regions prone to heavy winds should be avoided. Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopagonium muconoides, Centrosema pubescens and Desmodium evalifolium are common cover crops. Lecture 4.Diseases of Grapes. It makes the leaves turn yellow and die. dianthi) Vascular wilt is the most troublesome disease of carnation. 2. You can change your ad preferences anytime. Oil based Copper oxy chloride using low volume sprayer or through aerial application. Secondary leaf fall  Manuring: Basal -2.5 t/ha of FYM and 350kg/ha of Rock Phosphate. Dusting during the defoliation period commencing from the bud break in about 10% of the trees, giving 3 to 5 rounds at weekly to fortnightly intervals before 10.00 a.m. using 11 to 14 kg 325 mesh fine Sulphur dust per round per ha. The affected region may be scraped to remove all the rooting bark and the coagulated rubber and the wound washed well with Dithane M 45 @ 0.75 %. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Rubber trees are large trees that have a milky white sap that is known as latex. Urea @550 kg /ha -3 to 3.5 months. They may infest developing plants and fruit, thereby becoming serious pests to the crop, reducing fruit quality and quantity by infuencing plant development (Carter, 1933). Mealy bug Foreign quarantine b. The sap flows from the trees once a piece of the bark is removed. When mulch is present, spray the mulch also (Provisional recommendation). Horticulture :: Plantation Crops :: Rubber, Arasu Rubber Corporation Ltd, Government of Tamil Nadu. Open up the root system. Affected bark and wood show black lines. Minimum and maximum temperature should be ranged from 25 to 34°C with 80 % relative humidity is ideal for cultivation. The fungus, Thielaviopsis paradoxa is the causal agent of the disease. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell-Arg.) Spacing: Seedling stumps – 23 x 23 cm, 30 x 30 cm and 34 x 20 cm Bird's eye spot However, continuous application of Ethrel is not recommended for periods of more than 3 years at a stretch. 3) Forestry – Deals with production of large scale cultivation of perennial trees for supplying wood, timber, rubber, etc. Give balanced manuring to increase tree vigour. It is expressed by a deterioration of the cortical tissues on the level of which are located in the conducting latex tissues. Partially affected and healthy roots washed withfungicide Carbendazim (0.1%) solution. Manuring Symptoms of brown root rot disease are similar to those caused by many root rot pathogens: A fungal disease declared as a quarantine pest •Sclerotium collar rot(Sclerotium rolfsii) Nursery disease spread due to mal practices •Foot Canker & Sudden wilt (Nattrassia mangiferae) Secondary infection on cracks resulted due to heat injury Crude oil is the primary raw material used in the production of synthetic rubber. Scale insect Diseases of Field Crops and Their Management Author TNAU, Tamil Nadu . aggravates the disease. Caused by the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii, southern blight is an easily preventable moisture-related... Crown Gall. month), Half circumstances and cut alternate day for 12 BARK NECROSIS(BN) The necrosis of the rubber tree is an affection of the stem. Control Patch canker or Bark cankers (half spiral, alternate day for 6 months and rested for 3 months), (half spiral, daily for one month and rested for next For More Information: "On-line Rubber Clinics", R.R.I, Kottayam, India Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. Provide shade in nursery. Regulatory methods : - Plant quarantine a. COMMON PESTS & DISEASES c. Propagation and dissemination of specific bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan diseases. It is most pronounced during the refoliation period (February-March). In South India, the annual yield of rubber is 375 kg/ha from seedlings trees, whereas budded plants yield 800 - 1000 kg/ha. When the fungicide dries up apply wound dressing compound. For matured rubber trees under tapping apply NPK 10:10:10 grade mixtures at the rate of 900 g/tree (300 kg/ha) every year in two split doses. Release Austalian lady bird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri @ 10/tree. 5. Wet weather and high relative humidity are favourable for disease development. Prophylactic spraying on the foliage prior to the onset of South-West monsoon with, Bordeaux mixture 1% at 4000 - 5000 lit/ha using high volume sprayers. Nursery: Bed size: 60-120 cm width and of convenient length. Genetic methods : - Use of sterile male technique 6. Tropical climate with annual rainfall of 2000 – 4500 mm is suited for cultivation. Refill the soil and drench the base with fungicide solution. starting right at the grafting point situated in the transition zone between the trunk and the roots, the collar. "Vast swathes of rubber trees have already been lost to the Fusicoccum pathogen, and more losses are due until a concrete solution is found to combat this dilapidating disease," Muruganathan wrote. Pests The diseases persist in the soil on infected dead roots. Lecture 6.Diseases of Guava . Soil and climate The most serious diseases of rubber are root diseases which are caused by fungi that attack and eventually kill the roots. There has been a … the rubber trees … Yield Chemical methods : - Use of attractants - Use of repellants - … Young plants dry up due to attack. The stem with brown bark is affected anywhere from the base to branches. 5. Method of propagation In situ sowing: Germinated seeds are sown in situ in the pits. When the fungicide dries up, a thin coating with a wound dressing compound may be given. Domestic quarantine 7. Propagated by green budding, brown budding and crown budding. It is caused by the fungus Phellinus noxius. Protection Pests scale insect when severe infestation is noticed, spray the mulch also ( Provisional recommendation.... The world during 2008 was 82,098 ha ( FAO, 2009 ) refoliation period ( February-March ) solution. Production, showed differences in latex biochemical characteristics, attacks the tree Vascular tissues high... 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