massacre at fort phil kearny movie

Carrington spent the rest of his life attempting to repair his tarnished reputation as a soldier.[7]:217–218. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read My Army Life and the Fort Phil Kearny Massacre (Abridged, Annotated). Carrington himself led another mounted detachment to circle north in an attempt to cut off the Indians' retreat. He arrived at Fort Laramie late in the evening on December 25 during a full-dress Christmas ball, and staggered, exhausted, into the party to deliver his message. She said these orders were given twice, the second time by Carrington from the sentry walk after ordering the soldiers to halt as they left the front gate of the fort. [7]:209–210, Lurid newspaper stories blamed Carrington for the Fetterman disaster. According to Calitri, historians believe evidence conflicts as to whether Carrington gave his order. "[11] Many other officers shared Fetterman's feelings. (26 Oct 1966). Red Cloud was determined to face any odds rather than bow to the invaders. The mutilated bodies of Bingham and a sergeant were found several hours later. Fort Phil Kearny was one the reasons for this trip. The Fetterman fight soured the mood of the nation and the government on defending the Bozeman Trail. His cavalry under Grummond took the van, moving at a walk so the infantry could keep up. It is a necessary addition to other material on Fort Phil Kearny, the Fetterman Massacre, and the Bozeman Trail." [34], United States Army [19], After leaving Fort Kearny with his infantry, Fetterman fired volleys at the small group of Indians, who harassed his flanks and taunted his soldiers. [7]:191–192, That evening, a civilian, John "Portugee" Phillips, volunteered to carry a distress message to Fort Laramie. The infantry marched out first; the cavalry had to retrieve its mounts before it could follow and catch up. Leading the cavalrymen was Lieutenant Horatio S. Bingham. On December 21, 1866, eighty men under the command of Captain William Fetterman were surrounded and killed by an estimated force of over 1000 Sioux warriors in what would known as the Fetterman Massacre. Carrington had 700 soldiers and 300 civilians in his command. [21], The Indians had few guns and fought mostly with bows and arrows, spears, and war clubs. On the 21st of December 1866, the Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors lured Captain William Fetterman and his men into an ambush attack at Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming to retaliate for trespassing treaty lands. You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Fetterman may have shot himself just before American Horse cut his throat. Fetterman Massacre European-American immigrants traveling along the Bozeman Trail passed through Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming. Plot Summary | Add Synopsis The tour marks the archaeological remains of the fort's buildings. Both had been assigned to Fort Kearny from the 18th Infantry's headquarters at Fort Laramie. Everyone knew why special emphasis was given to these orders. BY B.F. McCUNE AND LOUIS HART “Hear ye, Dakotas!” he exclaimed. According to a Cheyenne informant named White Elk, who was interviewed as he walked the battlefield 48 years after the event, the Indians had chosen 10 warriors as decoys to tempt Fetterman into the ambush: two Arapaho, two Cheyenne, and two from each of the three Lakota bands present: the Oglala, Brulé, and Miniconjou. He doubled the number of guards for the wood trains and kept the 50 serviceable horses the fort still possessed – having lost many in Indian raids – saddled and ready to sally from dawn to dark. This FAQ is empty. My husband is particularly interested in the Wagon Box fight which is a satellite site of the fort. Our old chiefs thought to show their friendship and good will, when they allowed this dangerous snake in our midst. The Fetterman Fight, also known as the Fetterman Massacre or the Battle of the Hundred-in-the-Hands or the Battle of a Hundred Slain,[1] was a battle during Red Cloud's War on December 21, 1866, between a confederation of the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and a detachment of the United States Army, based at Fort Phil Kearny, Wyoming. University of New Mexico Press (July 16, 2010). Carrington would blow up the magazine to ensure that no Americans remained alive to be captured by the Indians. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices. Carrington reemphasized to his soldiers his policy of caution until reinforcements and additional horses and supplies arrived from Fort Laramie. That afternoon, wagons were sent to bring the bodies back to Fort Kearny. Map of Fort Phil Kearny Memorial near where Capt Fetterman died. Although initially blamed for the Fetterman defeat, after many years of effort, Carrington and his author wife succeeded in deflecting blame back to Fetterman. Bingham and Fetterman were Civil War veterans, and Fetterman had a distinguished war record. Dakotas, I am for war!” Banner, WY: 1993. His orders were to protect European-American emigrants traveling west along the Bozeman Trail. [9] The Native American warriors, invariably mounted, generally appeared in groups of 20 to 100. All extra ammunition and explosives were deposited in a powder magazine ringed with wagons. [28] Years later, Red Cloud remembered the names of 11 Oglala who had been killed in the battle. [26], Estimates of Indian casualties vary widely. One man in his command froze to death during the journey. Ten Eyck advanced carefully and the soldiers found the bodies of Fetterman and all of his men in the valley. Carrington ordered a relief party composed of 49 infantrymen of the 18th Infantry and 27 mounted troopers of the 2nd Cavalry under the command of Captain James Powell. The half-man rode on his pony in a crazed manner four times between the warriors gathered on the butte and Lodge Trail Ridge, each time gathering more "soldiers" into his hands in a prophetic manner. Crazy Horse was put in charge of the attack, while the older men acted as councilors. One Hundred Years With the Second Cavalry. Massacre at Fort Phil Kearny (1966). Grummond probably was killed at this point, after he had personally decapitated at least one warrior with his saber before being overwhelmed by the others. The warriors, possibly numbering more than 1,000, congregated about 10 miles north of Fort Kearny, reconnoitered, and decided the best place to lay the trap was along the Bozeman Trail north of Lodge Trail Ridge. The tragic events associated with Fort Phil Kearny, the Fetterman Massacre, and the Wagon Box Fight form one of the most dramatic chapters in the history of the Indian Wars.For two bloody years from 1866 to 1868, the Sioux Indians, bitter and opposing the invasion of their hunting grounds by prospectors bound over the Bozeman Trail to the Montana goldfields, fought back viciously. "[7]:225 Indian sovereignty over the Powder River country, however, only endured for eight years. Carrington left Fort Kearny on January 23 with his wife and the other women and children, including the pregnant wife of the deceased Lieutenant Grummond. He was accompanied by infantry Captains William J. Fetterman and James W. Powell. In 1868, Fort Phil Kearny was abandoned, and in November of that year, Red Cloud signed a peace agreement with the US. Another officer of the 18th, Lieutenant George W. Grummond, a known critic of Carrington, led the cavalry, which had been leaderless since Bingham's death in early December. [7]:157 Carrington's first opportunity to strike back came on December 6. He allegedly boasted, "Give me 80 men and I can ride through the whole Sioux nation. Lieutenant Wands was also instructed to repeat them. Rather, they struck at the rear and flanks of an opponent, using mounted mobility to probe for weaknesses and attempt to cause disorganization and panic, backing off if they encountered a stout defense, and closing in for the kill when they could do so with little risk of heavy casualties.[29]. 206–209. Original TV Movie Still. Fetterman and his entire force of 80 men were killed, including Lt. George Grummond, first husband of the author. On dispatching Grummond and the cavalry to join Fetterman, Carrington explicitly ordered him to stay with Fetterman during the operation. An investigation absolved him of blame, but the report was not made public. Sheltered by the smooth Sullivant Hills that slide into Lodge Trail Ridge, this innocuous fold of land was the scene of … Shortly after Fetterman arrived at Fort Kearny, Carrington gave the captain permission to attempt a night ambush. They increased their urging after November 3, when a cavalry company of 63 men arrived to reinforce the post. More than four decades later, Frances Carrington, Henry’s second wife, repeated the boast attributed to Fetterman almost verbatim in her 1910 book My Army Life: A Soldier’s Wife at Fort Phil Kearny. The U.S. military mission was intended to protect travelers on the Bozeman Trail. The investigation noted that 12 companies of soldiers were stationed at Fort Laramie in a region at peace, while at Fort Kearny Carrington had only five companies in a region at war. [7]:185–189, According to Charles Alexander Eastman, in 1866, the Native American's discomfort with the degrading influence of the illegal invaders had peaked. The Fetterman Massacre (also called Fetterman Fight or Battle of the Hundred Slain) is one of the events of the Great Sioux Wars. It is a necessary addition to other material on Fort Phil Kearny, the Fetterman Massacre, and the Bozeman Trail." Historian Stephen Ambrose said Indian dead totaled 10 Lakota, two Cheyenne, and one Arapaho, some of them killed by 'friendly' arrow fire rather than soldier's bullets. The following are the names of the Second Cavalry killed in the recent massacre at Fort Phil. The Indians in the valley slowly dispersed and disappeared. [25] The last trooper to die in the battle may have been Adolph Metzger, a bugler who used his instrument as a weapon until it was battered shapeless. Civilians Wheatley and Fisher and several cavalrymen, "knowing it was fatal to retreat from Indians", halted and took shelter among several large rocks, where they were killed. In 1867, the army designated a new outpost in the Dakota Territory as "Fort Fetterman" in honor of the slain officer. The snows were deep and Jim Bridger advised him that the Indians would hole up for the winter. About 10 am, Carrington dispatched a wagon train to the "pinery" – about 5 miles northwest and the nearest source of construction timber and firewood for Fort Kearny. He saw no Indians during his ride. [10] Several of Carrington's junior officers pressed him to take the offensive. Washington, 1910, p. 69. The Fetterman Fight took place on Crow Indian land that was guaranteed to them by a treaty signed with the US government. They experienced great success; in less than half an hour, they had defeated nearly 100 men under Captain Fetterman, who had been cleverly drawn out of the fort by a ruse. It is an insult to the spirits of our ancestors. There is also a Fetterman Street and Fetterman Drive in Laramie, Wyoming. Counting Fetterman and his men, in less than six months at Fort Kearny, Carrington had lost 96 soldiers and 58 civilians. We've curated a list of lesser-known films to help you explore the space-time continuum from the comfort of your couch. Soldiers were told that in the last extremity they were to retreat to the magazine. He had accompanied an escort who guarded a wagon train gathering firewood and construction timber for Fort Kearny. They braved temperatures as low as -38°F (-39°C) during the journey to Fort Laramie. The Indians sniped at the soldiers while organizing a charge, and then rushed in among the soldiers, killing them all. [1] A total of 81 American soldiers and civilians died in the battle. As if peculiarly impressed with some anticipations of rashness in the movement, the colonel, just after the command left, went across the parade ground to a sentry platform, halted the mounted party, and gave additional orders, understood in the garrison, and by those who heard them, to be the substantial repition [sic] of the former. I was able to glean a lot of information about the happenings at the Fort as well as what travel was like for the women who [6], In June 1866, Colonel Henry B. Carrington advanced from Fort Laramie into the Powder River country, now the hunting grounds of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Northern Arapaho. White, Richard: "The Winning of the West: The Expansion of the Western Sioux in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries". Red Cloud was born in 1821 into the Oglala tribe - one of seven Lakota tribes, known by non-Natives as the… The Massacre at Fort Kearny drawing is obviously a record of both conjecture and fact. Fetterman's infantry took up a position among some large rocks and in hand-to-hand fighting, 49 of his men and he died. He advanced along a narrow ridge leading to a flat area along Peno Creek. Carrington sent Phillips and another messenger, Philip Bailey, out that evening on the best remaining horses. The dispatch from Colonel Henry B. Carrington at Fort Phil Kearny stated that three officers, 92 men, and two citizens had been massacred four days earlier near the fort. A dramatic retelling of the 1866 Sioux victory where 81 soldiers were killed. Grummond and the cavalry apparently remained in good order, leading their horses and presumably firing at the Indians all around them. “Massacre” references the 1866 Indian battle with a company of US troops under Captain William Fetterman on the Wyoming plains near Fort Phil Kearny (spelled Kearney by the author). The dispatch from Colonel Henry B. Carrington at Fort Phil Kearny stated that three officers, 92 men, and two citizens had been massacred four days earlier near the fort. University of Oklahoma Press; 1st edition (March 23, 2017). The Toledo Blade says: "FREDERICK HALLAM BROWN was aged about 33 years. The two civilians, Wheatley and Fisher, had their faces smashed into bloody pulp, and Wheatley had been pierced by more than a hundred arrows. Monnett, John H., Where a Hundred Soldiers Were Killed: The Struggle for the Powder River Country in 1866 and the Making of the Fetterman Myth. Wood-cutting detachment rescue party from Fort Phil Kearny, Dakota Territory, December 21, 1866, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Captain William J. Fetterman†, commanding, Captain William J. Fetterman†, 18th Infantry, commanding. Fetterman said, "This Indian war has become a hand-to-hand fight requiring the utmost caution." The author was the wife of Lt. Grummond that was killed in the Fetterman massacre and she speaks at length about her arrival at the Fort, the times leading up to the massacre and what happened after. [5] By 1860, these traditional enemies of the Crow had taken control of their hunting grounds west of Powder River. Carrington's message to General Cooke told of the Fetterman disaster and requested immediate reinforcements and repeating Spencer carbines. About 50 Indians appeared near Fort Kearny, but Carrington dispersed them with a few cannon shots. The Plains Indians rarely mounted a direct charge at a foe capable of defense. Carrington told Fetterman to proceed west with a company of cavalry and a squad of mounted infantry to relieve the wood train. [31], Calitri also suggests controversy about Grummond. When he returned to Red Cloud the fourth time, he declared that in his vision he had 100 blue-coat soldiers in each hand — too many to hold. Keep track of everything you watch; tell your friends. My Army Life and the Fort Phil Kearny Massacre (Abridged, Annotated) - Ebook written by Frances Courtney Carrington. Fort Phil Kearny/ Bozeman Trail Association. Some historians interpreted that as a tribute to his bravery in standing alone against several armed enemies. Today, the stockade of Fort Phil Kearny has been reconstructed. Are we then to give up their sacred graves to be plowed for corn? Both the Fetterman Massacre and Wagon Box Fight lie within a few miles of one another just off I-90 in the vicinity of Story, Wyoming. The army used a treaty right to "establish roads, military and other post". However, the Indians saw through it and instead stampeded a herd of the cattle on the bank of the Powder River opposite Fetterman's intended trap. [7]:147–150, Although he had no experience fighting Indians, Fetterman criticized Carrington's defensive posture and expressed contempt about the Indian foes. [7]:193–194, Carrington and a detail of 80 men marched cautiously out of Fort Kearny on December 22 as the blizzard was approaching and gathered the remaining bodies of those killed. case, Fort Phil Kearny. His pickets on Pilot Hill signaled that an Army wood train was being attacked 4 miles west of the fort. George Bent, a Cheyenne-Anglo man, said 14 Indian warriors were killed. He had a distinguished Civil War record as a combat officer, but he had been court-martialed for drunkenness and abuse of civilians and was known as a bigamist. Accessed via Internet Archive on August 30, 2015. Fort Phil Kearney, Fetterman Massacre and The Wagon Box Fight. The decoys led him onward, with the cavalry leaving the infantry behind. The area around the fort was the site of the Fetterman massacre and the Wagon Box Fight. Ten Eyck was the leader of a relief column sent from Fort Phil Kearny shortly after noon on Dec. 21, 1866, to aid a group infantry, cavalry and civilians under the command of Civil War hero William Judd Fetterman who, according to legend, boasted he could ride through the entire Sioux nation with 80 men. — Roundup Magazine After the loss of her first husband Frances went on to marry Colonel Henry B. Carrington. [citation needed] Yet, at some point, Grummond led his cavalry far in advance of Fetterman, chasing the Indian decoys in direct violation of his orders. A blizzard began on December 22, and Phillips rode through a foot of snow and below-zero temperatures. His presence here is an insult and a threat. Less than an hour later, Carrington's pickets on Pilot Hill signaled by flag that the wagon train was under attack. [7]:174–177, About noon in the fort, Carrington and his men heard heavy firing to their north. December 21 marks the 145th anniversary of the Fetterman Massacre, which took place near Fort Phil Kearny, in present-day Wyoming. Almost 90 soldiers were detailed to guard the wagon train. Fort Phil Kearny Massacre Property of the Wyoming State Museum, A-1999.9.157 . A group of 10 warriors, including Crazy Horse, acted to lure a detachment of U.S. soldiers into an ambush. She wrote My Army Life and the Fort Phil Kearney Massacre forty years after the fort was abandoned. Title: Although outnumbered, the soldiers were armed with newly supplied breech-loading Springfield Model 1866 rifles and Lever Action Henry rifles, and had a … Indian accounts credit a Lakota warrior named American Horse with killing Fetterman by slashing his throat. [citation needed] The cavalry continued its retreat, halting to fight in a flat area on the ridge 400 yards north of where the infantry lay dead. [14] On leaving the fort, however, Fetterman took the Lodge Ridge Trail northward rather than the trail northwest toward the pinery where the wagon train was. Western with James Coburn, Bud Spencer and Telly Savalas. [30] More than 300 soldiers were still garrisoned at the fort. All 81 men under the command of Captain William J. Fetterman were then killed by the Native American warriors. Powell returned safely, having followed orders and accomplished his mission. Meanwhile, Carrington dispatched another group of 42 soldiers to join Ten Eyck. Fort Phil Kearny State Historic Site includes a visitor's center with exhibits, videos, a bookstore, and self-guided tours of the fort grounds and outlying sites. 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