eCollection 2020 Sep. Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Olunaike OE, Jimoh LA. Based primarily on investigations in experimental animals, the critical health effects associated with exposure to 2-butoxyethanol are alterations in hematological parameters associated with hemolysis and lesions of the forestomach in mice. On the basis of the data presented, it is doubtful that any problems of acute toxicity will result from the use of this silicone oil. (NTP, 1992). 2-Butoxyethanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula BuOC2H4OH. With the large number of different species, breeds, and strains utilized in biomedical research, an insufficient number of studies have been made on the pathology of the urinary tract to generalize about the incidence of many specific conditions. Many lesions have been described only in morphologic terms and without good clinical histories and laboratory work-ups. 57, pp. The purpose of this study was to determine the uptake, metabolism, and excretion of dermally administered glycol ethers as a function of the externally applied dose. They are used in paints, lacquers, stains, inks and surface coatings, silk-screen printing, photographic and photo lithographic processes, for example, in the semiconductor industry, textile and leather finishing, production of food-contact plastics, and as an antiicing additive in hydraulic fluids and jet fuel. Thus, exposure of rats and rabbits to EGHE vapor during the period of organogenesis produced maternal toxicity at near-saturation vapor concentrations (79.2 ppm), but no evidence for developmental toxicity or teratogenicity. DGBA (5 mM) was hydrolysed in rat blood to diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGBE) with a half-life of less than 3 min. ETHYLENE GLYCOL N-BUTYL ETHER may react with bases, aluminum and oxidizing materials. Increased absolute and/or relative liver weights were observed in both sexes of the 71-ppm group and to a lesser extent in the 41-ppm group. Notable observations included loss of coordination, red stained urine, and enlarged discolored kidneys at 867 and 523 ppm. Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 1. Ethylene glycol poisoning is poisoning caused by drinking ethylene glycol. Function and uses EGBE belongs to the group of glycol ethers, which are mainly used as solvents. KRASAVAGE, W. J. Most intoxications are associated with ingestion of antifreeze, which is typically 95% EG. Mice were given various doses (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg body weight) of the compounds daily for 5 days/week, for 5 weeks. The effects on the rat testis of single inhalation exposures to ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, in particular ethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Professional cleaners were found to be exposed to multiple airborne irritants at low concentrations, thus these substances should be considered in investigations of respiratory dysfunctions in the cleaning industry; especially in specialized cleaning tasks such as intensive floor cleaning. 2-Butoxyethanol Butyl cellosolve Dowanol EB Glycol butyl ether Poly-solv EB Call fire department. It attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. The average size of the rabbit dermal irritant patch tests was 1.0, indicating that MSMA is a mild irritant to intact skin. The subject kept two or four fingers immersed in neat butoxyethanol for 2 h. Arterialized capillary blood samples were collected from the other hand before, during, and up to 4 h after the exposure and analyzed for butoxyethanol by gas chromatography. Dermal absorption may contribute substantially to the total uptake following skin contact with liquids or vapours containing EGME or EGMEA. Would you like email updates of new search results? It is used as a solvent in spray lacquers, enamels, varnishes, and latex paints and as an ingredient in paint thinners and strippers, varnish removers, and herbicides. A tolerable concentration of 0.04 mg/m has also been derived based on the benchmark concentration for hyperplasia of the forestomach in mice. A. Due to the lack of quantitative assessments of respiratory exposures to airborne irritants and sensitizers among professional cleaners, the culpable substances have yet to be identified.Purpose: Focusing on previously identified irritants, our aims were to determine, The 24 day LDââ of monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA) for New Zealand white rabbits was estimated to be 102 mg MSMA/kg body weight. A 14-day postexposure recovery showed substantial reversal of the affected blood parameters. In animals, adverse effects on reproduction and development have not been observed at less than toxic doses. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . The mechanism of ethylene glycol ether reproductive and developmental toxicity and evidence for adverse effects in humans. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2020 Aug 29;24:100806. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100806. Rabbit maternal toxicity occurred at 79.2 ppm as transient weight gain reduction during the exposure period. Although only detected once, EGBE air concentrations (n = 4) were high (49.48-58.72mg m(-3)), and close to the Swiss OEL (49mg m(-3)). 2-Butoxyethanol has moderate acute toxicity and is irritating to the eyes and skin; it is not a skin sensitizer. 4. The results indicate that persons exposing large portions of their skin to butoxyethanol are at risk of absorbing acutely toxic doses. These 95% commercial antifreeze preparations are diluted ~50% with water when used in vehicle cooling systems. Urine was collected for 24 h and analyzed for the metabolite butoxyacetic acid, also by gas chromatography. Within the dose range studied, the absorption and metabolism of these three glycol ethers by rats was linearly related to the dermally applied dose. At 41.1 ppm, maternal body weight gain was reduced during the exposure period only. The estimated half-life of 2-butoxyethanol in water is approximately 1-4 weeks, and the chemical is likely readily biodegraded in aerobic soil and water. It has many names including ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol butyl ether, ethylene glycol n-butyl ether, Butyl Cellusolve, butyl glycol, and butyl Oxitol. Gestational parameters monitored were numbers of corpora lutea, preimplantation losses, viable implants, early and late resorptions, and dead fetuses. The major urinary metabolite was 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)acetic acid. There were no significant biological effects in rats exposed subchronically to 25 or 5 ppm. During 2003, the production of EGBE in the European Union was approximately 161,000 tonnes. 111-76-2 - POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information. The results showed no delayed. (1986). When applied to the skin of rabbits for 4 h, 2-butoxyethanol caused mild irritation; extending the period of contact increased the severity of irritation, ... EGBE appears more toxic than ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol in animals, A growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggests an association between exposure to cleaning products and respiratory dysfunction. In several studies, increased frequency of spontaneous abortions, disturbed menstrual cycle, and subfertility have been demonstrated in women working in the semiconductor industry. The uptake rates ranged from 7 to 96 nmol.min-1.cm-2. Although the results of in vitro tests for mutagenicity of 2-butoxyethanol were inconsistent, the absence of structural alerts and the negative findings from in vivo studies are sufficiently reassuring to allow the conclusion that 2- butoxyethanol is not mutagenic. The results of in vitro studies indicate that human red blood cells are not as sensitive as rat red blood cells to the haemolytic effects of 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyacetic acid and also that red blood cells are more sensitive to haemolysis by 2-butoxyacetic acid than to haemolysis by 2-butoxyethanol. The absorption of all three glycol ethers was approximately 20–25%, regardless of the chain length of the alkyl group or the dose administered. Acute toxicity values, such as oral and percutaneous LD 50 s, are often used as the basis for classifying chemicals into toxicity categories, and their subsequent regulation. 2-Butoxyethanol is readily absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. Ethylene Glycol 107-21-1 Hazard Summary Ethylene glycol has many uses, including as antifreeze in cooling and heating systems, in hydraulic brake fluids, and as a solvent. Rats were immunized with TNP-LPS and then exposed 4 and 28 hr later to 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of glycol ether or EG. eCollection 2020. In the present study, the PFC response to TNP-LPS was used to evaluate the immunotoxic potential of ethylene glycol (EG) as well as the glycol ethers 2-methoxyethyl acetate (MEA), 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol, bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, 2-ethoxyethanol and its principal metabolite 2-ethoxyacetic acid, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, and 2-butoxyethanol relative to ME and MAA. The animals were observed for a period of 2 weeks for signs of toxicity following the exposure. Hepatic oxidative stress, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and oncogenic markers following 2-methoxyethanol administrations in rats. However, there were no gross or histopathologic lesions found to indicate impairment of the liver. The acute 4-hr LC50 (with 95% confidence limits) for Fischer 344 rats was determined to be 486 (339 to 696) ppm of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) for males and 450 (315 to 645) ppm for females. Fundam Appl. No evidence was found for excretion of 2-butoxyacetic acid, which has been shown to exert haematological effects in rats. Data from animal studies have been examined from the standpoint of dose-response relationships and the sensitivity of various animal species, including man, to the effects of this chemical. Based on limited data from case reports and one laboratory study, similar acute effects - including haemolytic effects as well as effects on the central nervous system - are observed in humans and rats exposed to 2-butoxyethanol, although the effects are observed at much higher exposure concentrations in humans than in rats. The relationship between respiratory failure and EGBE is examined. 185-191, 1984 Acute and Subchronic Toxicity of Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether by Tipton R. Tyler* The available information on the acute and subchronic toxicity ofethylene glycol monobutyl ether is Similar, but less marked, hematologic effects were observed in rats exposed to 86 ppm of EGBE, while rats of the 20 ppm group were indistinguishable from controls. Nearly all air concentrations [MEA (n = 68), glycol ethers (n = 79), BA (n = 15), and formaldehyde (n = 45)] were far below (<1/10) of the corresponding Swiss occupational exposure limits (OEL), except for ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (EGBE). On admission the 53-year-old patient was comatose with metabolic acidosis, shock, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema confirmed by haemodynamic study. There were significant depressions of red blood cell (RBC) count (approximately 20% below control values), hemoglobin (Hgb), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) concentration and increases in nucleated erythrocytes, reticulocytes, and lymphocytes in males and females of the 245 ppm group. Toxicol Rep. 2020 Jun 23;7:779-787. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.007. 14C-DGBA was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and eliminated predominantly in rat urine within 24 h following oral administration at 200 or 2000 mg/kg. Feces and exhaled CO2 represented minor routes of excretion. Information on the nature of the peer review and availability of the source documents is presented in Appendix 1. All rights reserved. Prenatal toxicity (1985) Pregnancy Risk Group C Germ cell mutagenicity – BAT value (1995, 2008) 100 mg butoxyacetic acid/l urine 200 mg total butoxyacetic acid/l urine Synonyms n-butoxyethanol O-butyl ethylene glycol butyl glycol EGBE ethylene glycol n-butyl ether glycol butyl ether monobutyl glycol ether 3-oxa-1-hepatanol In a subsequent study, rats were exposed to mean EGHE concentrations of 0 (control), 20, 41, or 71 ppm for 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and its acetate ester (EGMEA) are highly flammable, colorless, moderately volatile liquids with very good solubility properties. In evaluating the hazard that this chemical may pose to man, consideration has been given to likely routes of exposure and its irritant properties. Data from animal studies have been examined from the standpoint of dose-response relationships and the sensitivity of various animal species, including man, to the effects of this chemical. Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) (2-Butoxyethanol); CASRN 111-76-2. . Effects on peripheral blood, testes, and sperm have been reported at occupational exposure levels ranging between 0.4 and 10 ppm EGME in air, and with additional, possibly substantial, dermal exposure. Diethylene glycol (DEG) is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid with a sweet taste, and is an excellent solvent for water-insoluble chemicals and drugs. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The concentration dependence occurred at plausible in vivo doses. Participants at the Final Review Board meeting are listed in Appendix 3. General Formula. Dermally administered glycol ethers were metabolized differently than glycol ethers administered in drinking water (M. A. Medinsky, G. Singh, W. E. Bechtold, J. Toxicity and death may occur after drinking even a small amount. Decreased body weight gains and increased liver weights were also found. Abstract. Sections I (Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects) and Bond, P. J. Sabourin, L. S. Birnbaum, and R. F. Henderson, 1990, Toxicol. Transient eye irritation and barely perceptible skin irritation were among, We tried out the potential irritant and sensitizing effect of the main glycol ethers found in industrial and consumer products. Exceptions do exist, such as the glomerular lesions in New Zealand Black (NZB) mice, which have been studied extensively, in a large number of animals, with sophisticated experimental laboratory techniques. In the 2-week studies, groups of five male and five female rats and mice received 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, or 2-butoxyethanol in the drinking water. Based upon extremely conservative assumptions, the highest predicted concentrations of 2-butoxyethanol in surface waters in the immediate vicinity of effluent streams may, in some cases, exceed predicted no-observed-effect concentrations. 2. Data from animal studies have been examined from the standpoint of dose-response relationships and the sensitivity of various animal species, including man, to the effects of this chemical. 90-118. Relatively little work has been done on the toxicity of organic arsenicals, especially the herbicide monosodium methanearsonate (MSMA). It is not known whether chronic or repeated exposure to ethylene glycol increases the risk of reproductive toxicity or developmental toxicity. In general, administration in drinking water enhanced the production of ethylene glycol and glycol ether-derived CO2. The available information on the acute and subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is reviewed. In addition to ME and MAA, only MEA, which was as effective as ME, suppressed the PFC response to TNP-LPS. 1983 Jun;27(2):91-102. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(83)90014-8. HHS High doses of ethylene glycol mono methyl ether (EGM), ethylene glycol mono methyl ether acetate (EGMA), ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether (EGE) and ethylene glycol mono ethyl acetate (EGEA) produced marked testicular atrophy and leucopenia. 2-Butoxyethanol is used widely as a solvent in surface coatings, such as spray lacquers, quick-dry lacquers, enamels, varnishes, varnish removers, and latex paint. The urinary tract of all animal species used in biomedical research may exhibit a variety of pathologic entities. 2-Butoxyethanol has been assessed as a Priority Substance under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. The contribution of EGME in relation to other exposure factors in the semiconductor industry is unclear. Therefore, the two substances should be considered as equally hazardous to man. The available information on the acute and subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is reviewed. Its potential for bioaccumulation is low. Evaluation of workers exposed to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. . Toxicol.6, 349–355.Adult male rats (Crl:COBS CD (SD)BR) were given undiluted ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) by gavage in doses of 222, 443, or 885 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week over a 6-week period. DEG has also been inappropriately substituted in pharmaceutical preparations for nontoxic constituents, resulting in more than a dozen epidemics of human poisoning, w… Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data, as outlined in the . Canadian Environmental Protection Act 24:100806. doi: 10.1539/joh.11-0179-fs and research you need to help your work of acutely! Indicated cleavage of the hematology parameters or the morphology of the rabbits exposed. Doses of MSMA for a 24 hours period and EGMEA at unknown, probably high,.... 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